Disorders of Kidney – 25 Most Important MCQs with Answers

Kidneys play a vital role in maintaining the balance of fluids, electrolytes, and removing waste products from our body. Disorders of kidney are a very important topic in biology and medical exams like MDCAT, PPSC, NEET, CSS, and other competitive tests.

Here we have compiled the 25 most repeated and exam-focused MCQs on Kidney Disorders with answers.

📌 MCQs on Disorders of Kidney

1. The functional unit of kidney is:
a) Nephron
b) Glomerulus
c) Bowman’s capsule
d) Collecting duct
Answer: a) Nephron

2. Inflammation of the kidney is called:
a) Nephritis
b) Nephrosis
c) Uremia
d) Anuria
Answer: a) Nephritis

3. Presence of blood in urine is known as:
a) Hematuria
b) Glycosuria
c) Uremia
d) Proteinuria
Answer: a) Hematuria

4. Glucose in urine is termed as:
a) Glycosuria
b) Hematuria
c) Anuria
d) Uremia
Answer: a) Glycosuria

5. No urine output from kidney is called:
a) Polyuria
b) Anuria
c) Dysuria
d) Uremia
Answer: b) Anuria

6. Accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in blood due to kidney failure is:
a) Uremia
b) Hematuria
c) Nephrosis
d) Dysuria
Answer: a) Uremia

7. Kidney stones disease is medically called:
a) Nephrolithiasis
b) Nephrosis
c) Nephritis
d) Anuria
Answer: a) Nephrolithiasis

8. Swelling due to kidney failure and water retention is:
a) Edema
b) Hematuria
c) Nephrosis
d) Uremia
Answer: a) Edema

9. Inflammation of urinary bladder is called:
a) Cystitis
b) Nephritis
c) Nephrosis
d) Urethritis
Answer: a) Cystitis

10. Painful urination is termed as:
a) Dysuria
b) Polyuria
c) Uremia
d) Anuria
Answer: a) Dysuria

11. Which hormone deficiency in kidney disease causes anemia?
a) Aldosterone
b) Erythropoietin
c) Renin
d) Insulin
Answer: b) Erythropoietin

12. Excess protein loss in urine is a sign of:
a) Nephrotic syndrome
b) Uremia
c) Cystitis
d) Dysuria
Answer: a) Nephrotic syndrome

13. Polycystic kidney disease is a:
a) Genetic disorder
b) Viral disorder
c) Bacterial disorder
d) Autoimmune disorder
Answer: a) Genetic disorder

14. Common symptom of kidney failure is:
a) Fatigue
b) Hypertension
c) Edema
d) All of these
Answer: d) All of these

15. Dialysis is done when:
a) Liver fails
b) Kidney fails
c) Heart fails
d) Lungs fail
Answer: b) Kidney fails

16. Initial site affected in glomerulonephritis is:
a) Bowman’s capsule
b) Glomerulus
c) Collecting duct
d) Renal artery
Answer: b) Glomerulus

17. Renal colic is associated with:
a) Kidney stones
b) Uremia
c) Nephritis
d) Anuria
Answer: a) Kidney stones

18. Best test for kidney function is:
a) Blood urea & creatinine
b) Blood sugar
c) ECG
d) Liver enzymes
Answer: a) Blood urea & creatinine

19. Which active form of Vitamin D is produced in kidney?
a) Calcitriol
b) Calcidiol
c) Cholecalciferol
d) Ergocalciferol
Answer: a) Calcitriol

20. The most common bacteria causing urinary tract infection is:
a) E. coli
b) Staphylococcus
c) Streptococcus
d) Salmonella
Answer: a) E. coli

21. Excessive urination is called:
a) Polyuria
b) Dysuria
c) Uremia
d) Anuria
Answer: a) Polyuria

22. Hydronephrosis occurs due to:
a) Blockage of urine flow by kidney stone
b) Protein loss in urine
c) Hypertension
d) Edema
Answer: a) Blockage of urine flow by kidney stone

23. Renal hypertension is due to excess secretion of:
a) Renin
b) Aldosterone
c) Insulin
d) Erythropoietin
Answer: a) Renin

24. Removal of a kidney surgically is called:
a) Nephrectomy
b) Nephritis
c) Nephrosis
d) Hematuria
Answer: a) Nephrectomy

25. Which dialysis can be performed at home?
a) Hemodialysis
b) Peritoneal dialysis
c) Both
d) None
Answer: b) Peritoneal dialysis

✅ Conclusion

Disorders of kidney are frequently asked topics in biology and medical entry tests. The above 25 MCQs are exam-focused, repeated and high-scoring. Revise them regularly to strengthen your preparation for MDCAT, PPSC, NEET and other exams.

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